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The energy requirements are not linearly correlated with the body weight: large dogs need less energy per kg body weight than small dogs. This is because small dogs have a higher metabolism and lose more energy as they have a larger body surface in relation to their body weight.

Of all the nutrients present in food, only 3 provide energy:

1. Fat
2. Carbohydrates
3. Protein

As the energy content of the food determines how much has to be fed to the animal, the energy density of these three elements defines the amount to feed.

1. All dogs can be traced back 40 million years ago to a weasel-like animal called the Miacis which dwelled in trees and dens. The Miacis later evolved into the Tomarctus, a direct forbearer of the genus Canis, which includes the wolf and jackal as well as the dog.^g
2. Ancient Egyptians revered their dogs. When a pet dog would die, the owners shaved off their eyebrows, smeared mud in their hair, and mourned aloud for days.^b
3. Small quantities of grapes and raisins can cause renal failure in dogs. Chocolate, macadamia nuts, cooked onions, or anything with caffeine can also be harmful.^c
4. Apple and pear seeds contain arsenic, which may be deadly to dogs.^c
5. Rock star Ozzy Osborne saved his wife Sharon’s Pomeranian from a coyote by tackling and wresting the coyote until it released the dog.^d